rootstocks

Bud 9  (Budagovsky 9) [30-35%]--- This is a very hardy apple rootstock that is gaining in popularity.  Produces a full dwarf tree (approx 30-35% of standard).  Grower experience is teaching us that it may be one of the weaker commercially suitable dwarfing roots.  Being "greedy" and fruiting too early and hard may create "runting" problems that will have to be addressed.  Precocious.  Requires support--- staking or trellising.  Reported to be resistant to collar rot, powdery mildew and apple scab.  Very resistant to winter frost or damage.  Originally reported to be susceptible to fire blight, but experiences in 2000 in Michigan have indicated that it seems to be quite tolerant and much less susceptible than most other Malling 9. clones.   Does well in most soils, but irrigation is recommended in light soils.

Geneva® 890 originated from a planned cross in 1976 using ‘Robusta 5’ x ‘Ottawa 3’ by Cornell University and Geneva Apple Rootstock Breeding Program. Geneva® 890 produces trees that are 40% to 50% of seedling in conditions similar to Washington State and 60% to 65% in conditions similar to New York. It is Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), Crown Rot (Phytophthora cactorum), and Woolly Apple Aphid resistant and replant tolerant. Geneva® 890 is a good replacement for Geneva® 30. It is free standing, precocious, productive and has a yield efficiency similar or better than M-9.

EMLA 111 [75-85%] --- This virus-free clone of Malling 111 produces a tree approx. 75-85% of standard depending on soil conditions.  Many consider it a "standard" size tree.  Well anchored and self supporting.  Under wetter soil conditions, which it tolerates very well, it is somewhat shallow rooted, and will make a larger tree.  Under sandier soil conditions, it is less vigorous, but grows well.  This is a good rootstock for growers wanting larger semi-dwarf orchards or for sites with replant problems which are limiting tree vigor.  Not highly used by a lot of commercial orchardists now because of its almost standard size tree.